But Lucien said that good design and planning is instrumental to sustainable dredging. “The sand is usually extracted from large expanses of featureless seabed. The sand winning operation may result in a reshaped sea bed, with sheltered areas offering new niches for marine life. It may also be complemented by the installation of artificial reefs, thus creating a far more diversified habitat than the initial situation. Of course, this requires a good design and planning of the operations, taking into account the local environmental conditions. This is a completely new way of thinking, aimed at minimizing the long term societal cost. It is far away from the cliché of ruthless dredging operations solely motivated by extracting as much as possible at the lowest possible cost,” he said.