By: Pawel Pocwiardowski, Product Director, Sonar Systems, NORBIT
When discussing water transportation and the safety of voyages, the maintenance and monitoring of waterways has always been a major issue. Providing safe passage is a key factor in the future development of the maritime transport industry.
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Development of the dredging market, since its founding in the 15 th century has developed further with the growing industrialization of said dredging market, and as such is directly linked to the development of the monitoring capabilities of the water depths during the dredging operations. Over the years the dredging industry extended from simply controlling the waterways to other activities such as; extraction of shellfish, underwater mining, civil engineering works, recreational activities, preserving flora and fauna and all kinds of other marine eco-system maintenance and control. some of these activities are further expanded into protection of underwater structures and underwater construction support with rock dumping operations. All these activities require real time monitoring and cannot be monitored efficiently using visual feedback alone, so they require an accurate measurement system to allow the dredging operations to efficiently function and further develop for current and future applications.
The monitoring of the dredging operation is indeed an elementary part of the dredging process. At the beginning of application, underwater acoustics played an essential role as the remote sensing method, replacing mechanical measurements. More recently, multibeam echosounder systems (MBES) gave a real boost to the underwater dredging monitoring due to wide coverage and high efficiency.
The intrinsic problem with multibeam dredging monitoring has been the complexity of system setup and sonar operation, with extensive experience in hydrographic surveying often required by surveyors to monitor the system efficiently. It became a large problem for smaller dredging setups where the operation is carried by single operator or a small number of personnel. They rely on sub-contracting of the hydrographic surveys to third party companies which reduces their revenue margins, and this can make it impossible for these small companies to achieve a financially sound operation.
In 2018 NORBIT introduced a 3D sonar system, called STX360, for dredging applications allowing to observe the 3D bathymetry and imagery in real time during the dredging operation facilitated by the electronic scanning capabilities build into the transmitting antenna of the system. The STX360 scanning sonar has been used in bathymetry surveys and in dredging surveys but also in several adjacent applications like rock dumping and cable laying set-ups. In all cases the system offers excellent performance and efficient monitoring of the operation in real time. With the tightly integrated GNSS/INS system and the 360 deg titanium rotation system the iSTX360 system has become a dredge survey ready suite for any installations. In 2020 NORBIT has developed a software utility to facilitate the data collection and visualization for iSTX360 used for dredging monitoring and was given a name NORdredge. NORdredge is based on the NORBIT Open Hydrography Platform and continues the software solution simplifying the data acquisition initiated by the bathymetry data acquisition software – DCT.
NORdredge is a web-oriented utility which directly interfaces to NORBIT iSTX360 multibeam sonar system and is designed to monitor the dredging operation in real time with simple user interface and minimal installation efforts. It has been designed to facilitate three kinds of use case serving different users, needs and installations. These are:
This article details out the use first cases of NORdredge as a standalone utility and briefly discusses other use cases.
The first and main use of NORdredge is a standalone operation for dredging or rock dumping. The users connect to the data acquisition PC (via Wi-Fi, LAN or 4G network) using nothing else but the web browser. It is completely web based and any device with the web browser can be used to access and operate NORdredge.
The dredger is equipped with the iSTX360 which is the integrated 3D sonar with INS system and robust titanium rotating mechanism. All in one consolidated lightweight device attaches to the pole or frame of the dredger or barge.
The single pair of cables connect to the top side which connects the GNSS antennas for navigation as well as provides the power to the rest of the system. The industrial computer hosts the NORBIT software including NORdredge server and is responsible for all data acquisition.
The clients can connect in various ways to the NORdredge computer either directly, via mouse and keyboard, but more importantly with the remote clients utilizing the ruggedized tablets connected wirelessly.
The wireless connection helps tremendously in limiting the network of cables and avoids expensive failures due to puncturing or destroying the cables.
The wireless communication is facilitated by standard Wi-Fi or even mobile communication standards such as 3G/4G/5G and internet networking. The latter being useful when client is in remote location where standard Wi-Fi does not reach.
The office personnel can take advantage of that feature whereby the dredging station can be accessed from any location in the world.
All the users’ terminals, that is the operator and all remote users, share the same underlying data in the real time. Each user can take advantage of several displays offered by NORdredge such as real time bathymetry, differential grid, backscatter imagery and couple of QC tools such as standard deviation of the bathymetry soundings and their density.
The users operate on the same underlying data and can use NORdredge to effectively manage the dredging monitoring by adjusting the coverage, setting up the run lines or planning the next step during the mission.
NORdredge natively supports split screen display with the real time depth display and differential depth display. The real time depth display shows the current measured depth while the operation progresses.
The cursor informatics displays the current height with RTK aided navigation. All necessary navigation data are conveniently displayed on the screen and can be hidden with a mouse click.
The differential grid on the left-hand side provides immediate information on the area to be dredged by comparing the reference grid to the real time depth and showing in simple colors what and where to dredge.
The reference grid can be prepared as a design template by importing the XYZ ASCII file outlining the desired channel or by using one of the previously collected files containing relevant bathymetry data. In that case the data could be any file of data collected with NORdredge, or even files imported from previous surveys performed with DCT.
Throughout the operation the operator has access to QC displays. The real time display shows the mentioned real time depth in addition to standard deviation, sounding density and backscatter, all of which are updated at the same time and available for all connected clients.
All displays run concurrently on one or several clients, e.g. operator can view depth display and surveyor or QA remote assistant can view the standard deviation and sounding density display. The backscatter display allows the user to differentiate between hard and soft bottoms and avoid expensive mistakes when dropping the bucket on the boulder or submerged structures. The background maps (Google maps, satellite view or GeoTiff) can be selected according to user preferences differently on different clients. Zooming, panning and boat location/tracking options are available also on all displays.
The operator can plan the location of the next drop simply by looking at the differential display and making a decision based on the information displayed. The immediate result from the scanning confirms the desired depth in the area of interest. When the entire area is confirmed, and the operator is satisfied with the result the dredger moves to the next location and repeats the operation.
As shown in Fig. 1, during operation, the dredger operators can interpret and operate displays via web browser. NORdredge has been designed to facilitate the dredging works with clear and concise displays for the operator.
However, for survey managers or superintendents, may need access to the underlying data directly and perform additional operations on the data such as, progress reports, exporting to PDF or ASCII XYZ files or other GIS operations. Sometimes the data also needs to be reprocessed and cleaned for the final delivery. NORdredge offers easy, accessible data at all relevant stages of processing and the survey managers can decide what is required for their final product.
Before the web browser can display the images, the data undergoes a complete processing done by NORdredge software and underlying several frameworks all working together behind the scenes.
All these frameworks combined form the NORBIT Open Hydrography Platform (OHP) architecture which is installed and configured automatically with NORdredge. The OHP includes well-known GIS platforms such as GeoServer, PostgreSQL database and PostGIS, which provide seamless access to the data (via WFS service) and as well as tiles (via WMS service) of generated maps.
The GeoServer protocol of WMS and WFS are available for both tiles service and the actual data which allows a direct access to the NORdredge resources and opens up the door for any software using the mentioned interfaces.
The governing software integrates the NORdredge layer into its user interface by http calls, similar to Google Maps calls.
The integration instructions are part of NORdredge offerings from NORBIT and is based on standard map service used in other popular applications such as the popular Uber app.
As an example, the QGIS is showed below using WFS data service to access the bathymetry data of the dredged area in order to perform any required operation on the data, such as, computing the volumes or performing QC on the dredged area.
From here, with a click of the mouse the user can export the data to ASCII XYZ or create PDF with print layouts updated per request. The data is pooled directly from the NORdredge data base and seamlessly transferred into the GIS software either via local network or remotely.
If there is a need to reprocess the data from raw form, NORdredge offers access at the earliest point as shown in Fig. 4. All raw data is securely stored on the survey computer in NORBIT WBM format as well as in a popular s7k file. The WBM file is useful if user wants to replay the data or export it to another format using NORBIT GUI.
In addition to this, concurrently generated s7k files contain all bathymetry data and navigation data and can be used for future postprocessing if needed. The system also collects the raw GNSS/INS observables which can be used to postprocess the navigation with PPK, PPP, etc., if needed. Such processed data can be used for the final delivery of the bathymetric maps for PRE and POS surveys. That offers a possibility to avoid expensive externally made pre- and post- surveys and use the data collected during the dredging as a final deliverable.
Some smaller operations tend to be very dynamic and the dredger moves from one area to another quickly. There is no time for extensive logistics or an extra survey vessel to conduct the pre/post survey and the bathymetry analysis needs to be done on site to allow the operator to decide to move the dredger to next location.
NORBIT iSTX360 and NORdredge are designed for these kinds of operations. The instantaneous measurement of the bathymetry and clear displays on a single screen is sufficient for the operator to make an educated decision to conclude the survey and move on to the next location.
An example of a dynamic survey like this was a short dredging operation conducted in December 2020 where very few bucket drops were required and the dredge had to move very quickly on to the next areas along the shore of Columbia River in Portland, Oregon.
With this type of operation NORdredge offers the operator quick in-depth measurements of the bathymetry of dredged area in a concise display, enabling the operator to swiftly conclude the mission without any wait time for online survey to perform additional surveys. The raw data is securely stored on the industrial PC and can be further postprocessed for the final delivery without the need to perform the otherwise required additional post survey.
We will just mention two additional use cases in limited details due to the size of this article but more information is available on NORBIT web site and will be published in the future.
The second use case for NORdredge is unique opportunity for OEM partnership for companies who provide their own offerings in the dredging industry. It allows the third-party solution provider to seamlessly integrate the bathymetry layer offered by NORBIT into their product without undertaking on the whole development of data acquisition and bathymetry maps generation. All that is already managed by the Open Hydrography Platform (OHP) architecture, shown in Fig. 4, on which NORdredge is based on. For more advanced used, the direct access to the PostGIS is also possible and NORBIT provides full API to its customers.
This opens up the door for the companies who already provide services in dredging market and wish to expand their portfolio for professional bathymetry system and provide underwater monitoring capabilities to their clients. As OEM partner the companies can keep their feel and look of their products and concentrate on important drivers for their product while seamlessly expand onto the bathymetry monitoring capabilities.
Large dredging production involve multiple sensors for their operation. There are specialized software (such as EIVA, Qinsy or HYPACK and others) which consolidates all the different sensors into one platform serving many users with many displays and features.
This type of operation and logistics is beyond NORdredge’s intended use. However, a challenging production like this is surrounded with supporting functions which also requires access to the dredging data for progress monitoring and planning reasons. These supporting functions could be for example a party chief to watch the progress of the mission or a captain planning for the next vessel position. It also could be a next shift of the personnel who is curious what situation is awaiting his/her shift. In all of these cases the situation awareness can be provided by NORdredge, which can operate concurrently with large production dredging software. That adds the needed redundancy to the current main framework as the map generation is completely detached from the mainframe map generation and does not infringe any risk of disturbing the production logistics.
In this case the NORdredge function is simply monitoring function where redundant terminals are separated from the main production and can be freely used by all interested parties.
That includes the vessel personnel but also the personnel in the office, which can access the same operational picture via internet. This immediate situation awareness improves the logistics and planning as well as the efficiency of all interested parties that have access to the same information without disturbing the main production team.
Additionally, by means of the mentioned WMS or WFS service allowing for the full access to the bathymetry and backscatter data as well as differential grid, the survey manager or party chief can run analysis on the data in the software however they want to, by bringing NORdredge data to their analysis software in a matter of minutes.
This can be done in real time over the internet, so the office support personnel can monitor the progress of the dredging mission and react swiftly, improving the efficiency of the dredging process.
The seamless integration with GIS software such as QGIS and other, described in previous chapter, allows for immediate report generation, sharing the dredging progress via simultaneous access to the data via cloud base processing and GIS approach to data analyses.
It makes it possible to combine the bathymetry and backscatter data with other GIS layers allows to create new and most efficient tools for data analysis, creating reports and immediate feedback to the dredging team.
NORBIT iSTX360 sonar along with NORdredge utility is simple and useful solution for various dredging operations. The web browser interface allows to conduct and monitor the dredging mission in efficient way. It is suitable for small dredgers and single person operations as well as the larger operations working as middleware or as monitoring tool supporting the main production.
The iSTX360 and NORdredge through web-based access allows to access the survey result and monitor the progress from any terminal in the network either local or remote.
Note: The opinions, beliefs, and viewpoints expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the opinions of DredgingToday.com.
about 5 years ago
By: Pawel Pocwiardowski, Product Director, Sonar Systems, NORBIT 1. Summary When discussing water transportation and the safety of voyages, the maintenance and monitoring of waterways has always been a major issue. Providing safe passage is a key factor in the future development of the maritime tran